A Renaissance Timeline With Major Events

Organizational Contextual Dimension Culture - 773 Words

What is Organizational Culture? Organizational culture is a set of shared values, the unwritten rules which are often taken for granted, that guide the employees towards acceptable and rewarding behavior. The organizational culture exists at two distinct levels, visible and hidden. The visible aspect of the organization is reflected in artifacts, symbols and visible behavior of employees. The hidden aspect is related to underlying values and assumptions that employees make regarding the acceptable and unacceptable behaviors. Artifacts: These are visible components of culture, they are easy to formulate, have some physical shape, yet its perception varies from one individual to another. 1-Rituals and ceremonies: New hire trainings,†¦show more content†¦Control/Decision: Management by nature is about control, the difference is how it enforces it. Well defined guidance, job description and authority of taking decisions are formal methods of control, while team or collective decision making is a social or cultural method of control. The functional or divisional structure encourages formal control while process or network structures promote a culture of employee empowerment. Responsibility: The authority of decision making is closely related to issue of responsibilities. The culture of responsibility is measured by observing whether the individuals are expected to take responsibility of their decisions or there is a collective responsibility in case of team decisions. Assumptions: Both the artifacts and the values give rise to assumptions the employees make about the organizations culture. Finally, it’s the assumptions that govern how an employee determines the right behavior and feels about his job and career, how the culture actually operates within the organizational system. Failures: The implication of failure is the most influential assumption that every employee derives from all the artifacts, stories, myths and values. The fear of failure and how it would be perceived determines the actual empowerment felt by the employee; the stated values vs. practicedShow MoreRelatedPlaza Inn Essays1169 Words   |  5 Pages E-mail: sammar@bloomu.edu OR soniaz23@aol.com 3. Department: Department of Management 4. Course Number: 93.362 5. Course Title: Organizational Design 6. Credit Hours: 3 7. Prerequisites: 93.344, Principles of Management 8. Catalog Description: This course discusses the difference between micro and macro perspectives in the study of organization and provides a macro view inRead MoreThe Impact Of Globalization On The Business Environment1356 Words   |  6 Pagesopportunities and barriers (Papulova Papulova, 2006). This turbulence has made several firms come to rely on alliances as strategic necessities for sustaining competitive advantage and creating customers value (Dyer, 2002). Strategic alliances are inter-organizational cooperative structures formed to accomplish strategic objectives of the partnering firms. A number of business literatures and management practitioners have acknowledged the positive outcomes for companies engaged in it, such as higher returnsRead MoreTransgenerational Family Therapy1441 Words   |  6 PagesBoszormenyi- Nagy developed the integrated systems model of contextual therapy. Contextual therapy focused on the four interacting dimensions of relationships. This theory states that the first dimension which is facts, says that things that happen are destiny. Which destiny flows with the things that a person actually deals with in their life such as ethnic identity, gender, physical handicaps, parental divorce, abuse, illness, and so on. The second dimension is Psychology; it focuses on the meanings in whichRead MoreOrganizational Theory and Design Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Theory and Design Organizational Theory and Design According to Grand Canyon University (2013), organizational theory is an attempt to explain the workings of an organization, and the design is the structure, process, and plan which describe all the actions of an organization and how well they fit to meet the organizational goals. This paper seeks to identify the structural dimensions of Ternary Software Co. along with the application of certain strategic frameworks used forRead MoreThe Effect of Contextual Factors on the Design of Management Control Systems1560 Words   |  7 PagesTHE EFFECT OF CONTEXTUAL FACTORS ON THE DESIGN OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS For implementation of the management control system (MCS) of the organisation in a dynamic and ambiguous environment, it is necessary to analyse and assess the external and internal factors, as well as predicting how they will change over time, given the unpredictability of certain factors of the environment: tight competition, accelerating changes in the environment, dynamic changes in consumer demands, the sudden appearanceRead MoreCultural Values And Social Values1439 Words   |  6 PagesCulture plays a key role in individual motivation. Culture is defined as, â€Å"†¦values, attitudes, meanings (attributed to language), beliefs, and ways of acting and interacting that are learned and shared by a group of people over a period of history and are often taken for granted as reality by those within the ‘said’ culture† (Glazer, 2002, p. 146). If culture defines our values and beliefs, then culture influences our cognitive representations of needs, in turn a ffecting how individuals perceiveRead MoreCh01 Organizations and Organization Theory1457 Words   |  6 Pagesdepartmental level [pic] Dimensions of Organization Design Structural Dimensions 1. Formalization ââ€" ª Pertains to the amount of written documentation in the organization, including procedures, job descriptions, regulations, and policy manuals, describing behaviour and activities ââ€" ª A large state university would be high on formulization and a small, family-owned business would be low on formulization 2. Specialization ââ€" ª The degree to which organizational tasks are subdivided intoRead MoreHuman Relations, Employee Retention And Organizational Culture1687 Words   |  7 Pagesbesotted or by which he or she is intrigued (Sarantakos, 2005). This preceding chapter examined through in-depth discourse of extant literature, the nature and relationship between the study variables (human relations, employee retention and organizational culture); with previous research studies closely examined with regards to identifying relationship patterns or attributes; this chapter examines the relative methods and techniques which can be considered as suitable or appropriate; given the intentRead MoreTaking a Look at Ben and Jerry1762 Words   |  7 Pagesshaping and aligning all the components towards the achievement of an agreed mission’ (Stanford, 2007) while it can be viewed in the structural and contextual dimensions (Daft, Murphy and Willmott, 2010). The followings will discuss how Ben Jerry’s organisation design had been changing in the structural dimension and two elements in the contextual dimensions, the strategy and environment, in order to react to external environments and internal managing problems between 19 90 and 1995. Also, analysingRead MoreProblem Statement For Emr1190 Words   |  5 Pages- What contextual elements supported and facilitated: a) The EMR implementation at Amman RSP? b) The use of the EMR for clinical care at Amman RSP? - What strategic approaches contributed to the implementation of the Amman EMR? - What were the processes used from a clinical, administrative, governance and IT perspective that contributed to the EMR implementation? To do this we will use Pettigrew’s framework for understanding strategic change, which analyzes three interactive dimensions – context

Implications of BREXIT

Question: Discuss about the Implications of BREXIT. Answer: Introduction The European Union was a body of 28 countries formed post World war II to enhance economic co-operation. It was started with the idea that countries who trade with each other would less likely war against each other. The perks of being a member of the European Union is having the ability to move around freely and also the movement of goods were made easier among the member countries. They operate as one nation! BREXIT, similar to GREXIT, is an abbreviation used for Britain exiting the European Union. It was a significant event in the world economy that is believed to affect a number of aspects relating to UK. The terms Britain and Exit is merged to form the word BREXIT. Such an exit happened due to a vote. A vote was held on the 23rd of June this year for deciding whether UK is to leave the EU. 52% of voters supported in favor of the exit. Over 30 million people voted for this (Wheeler and Hunt, 2016). Now it is important to cite the reason behind such an enormous vote support for the BREXIT. Why did a larger number of the population opt out of EU? I believe the reason is job opportunities. Immigration allowed the lower level, unskilled labourers to get jobs in UK where as the qualified lost on those opportunities. . The population of EU workers in Briton reached a historic high of 2.15m. The major focus of BREXIT currently is to do exactly that, cut on immigration and restrict it to highly skilled immigrants so that jobs requiring lesser skill can be enjoyed by the UK citizens. (FT Reporters. 2016) Theresa May expressed her dissatisfaction on the decision to exit the European Union membership but she said that she would respect the decisions of the people on the subject. Theresa May has set up a new government department which will be headed by David Davis, the campaigner for Leave to handle the BREXIT issue. Scotland and Northern Ireland as well voted to remain in the EU, therefore future implications may divide England and Wales from Scotland and NI. Since majority of voting had been done in favor of BREXIT, there was an exit situation of the British from the European Union. This signifies that in the forthcoming months both the leaders of Europe and Britain will be on a negotiating term for the departure of Britain (Fels, 2016). This exit will be affecting the British economy in a massive way. This will also have an impact on the various immigration policies of the nation. Years will be taken for the entire consequences to be clear (Lee, 2016). Since, this is not a legal binding the Britishs vote for leaving the EU can be overturned or blocked in certain ways. As per the Article 50 of the Treaty of EU states the process for the member state for withdrawing from the EU will need 2 years for both the sides to come into a conclusion. The new Prime Minister of Britain Theresa May was against the BREXIT from EU but said that she will abide by the wishes of her people. The consequences of BREXIT is still under strict speculations. A lot of debate is happening as in what will such an exit practically signify on two primary issues. One, how will the British firms undergo their business operations in EU and secondly, what restrictions on European Union nationals have in order to live and work in the United Kingdom (Wheeler and Hunt, 2016) Impact of BREXIT on British citizens in EU countries It is believed that BREXIT may have a huge impact on Britons living in EU countries. A leading barrister told Lords panel that UK may have to consider compensating for the Britons if they lose certain rights as a result of BREXIT. The perks of being a part of the European Union may be foregone if the decision to exist finalises from both Britain and EU. BREXIT implications are massive on the 1.3 million odd Britons who live abroad as well as the 3 million odd non-British people who live in the UK. It is a huge price they have to pay for BREXIT. There seems to be an incredible uncertainty surrounding BREXIT. The demands of other EU states may prove expensive for UK especially for Britons who might want to use Spanish or French healthcare. They may not get the considerations that they were getting prior to BREXIT. There seems to be a lack of knowledge in the government of UK about the repercussions of BREXIT. Lowe told the Lords justice subcommittee, There is very little evidence of people knowing what they are trying to do,. Briton enjoyed a number of benefits as a result of being a part of the European Union such as work permit, residence, retirement and its benefits, voting in local elections and their access to health and welfare systems which is going to be affected greatly following BREXIT. Except for a few rights such as the right to own properties and contractual rights which would protected by the International law, most other rights are going to be affected. The Leave campaign has given unambiguous affirmation that any new development in the immigration system will not affect non-britons currently living in the UK or Britons living in Europe or British retirees in Spain. EU citizens who own properties in the UK would be granted indefinite staying permission and will not be differentiated no matter what the decision for immigration is. However there is going to be plenty of restrictions on visas or work/ resident permits once the leave vote is sanctioned. An automatic right to go to the UK and work would cease. However, according to sources if UK decides to walk out of the EU then they would naturally lose their benefits that are enjoyed by the EU citizens. The IRISH Prime Minister said that UK will cease to benefit from the European Union Market if it ceases to become a member of the EU (Payton, 2016). The uncertainties of the negotiation are quite frightening. Will UK still be able to enjoy some of the rights of the EU citizens without being a member of the European Union? This is a daunting question that has not been answered. Article 50 in the Treaty of the European Union clearly states that once a member exits the EU there will be no rights acquired, so the obvious answer would be a no. The claim that the Vienna convention on the law of treaties would ensure enjoying rights of the EU while living in an European Union country is bogus. Following the Exit, non Britons would need to show more than their passports as proof of residence in the UK. There is expected to be a lot of inconvenience after the Exit is final (Caroll, 2016). Effects of BREXIT On June 27th the value of pounds fell to 1.315, the lowest since the year 1985. This year mid February, Britains currency crashed down to $1.38 following Boris Johnsons decision to join the BREXIT campaign. The decision to exit European Union will weigh massively on the UKs economy and financial conditions. Post vote for BREXIT, Britain has fallen to the sixth position in the list of worlds largest economies. Governor Mark Carney said that banks are ready to give 250 billion pounds to the markets for a financial boost however the economy and markets may face some uncertainties until it overcomes the BREXIT blues. UKs economy has already slowed down and may witness a recession if the vote to leave European Union succeeds. Pressure on Pound: As a result of the pound prices falling down, people who travel on holidays to foreign countries may require to pay a higher exchange rate for pounds. Foster. A. And Batchelor. T. (2016). UK lost their AAA rating as a result of BREXIT which will now cost the government on external borrowing. The government of UK would have to shell out more money in order to borrow whereas they were enjoying a good price option when they had the AAA rating. The bank of England has decided to cut down on its interest rates from 0.5% to 0.25%. This has been the first deduction since the year 2009. Financial Markets The uncertainties of forex and financial markets have been evident after the event of BREXIT. The GBP pairing with many other foreign currencies saw a weakening process post BREXIT (Capital Economics, 2016). Official trade statistics show that about half of UK goods are exported to EU countries. Therefore Exports may see a decline in the coming months and years following BREXIT (Jindal, 2016). Impact of BREXIT in the Long Run Considering the current conditions UKs decision to restrict the flow of immigration may affect their access to the free market. It is unlikely that UKs policies would allow free flow of immigrants. This will heavily affect the low-wage sectors such as agriculture. However it will benefit those who require high- skilled labourers, since UK will encourage immigration of high skilled labourers. BREXIT has not affected the prices of property and there seems to be a rise in its prices. Trade Given the current global economic conditions it is less likely that BREXIT has been the cause for the fall in the pound values. Global economy is not seeing some good times overall. Existing EU may have been a big deal a decade ago, however at present it doesnt show any disastrous impact. Financial Services The financial services are most likely to be affected following a BREXIT compared to other sectors. UK would lose the right to influence the single market rules. However in the long run Briton could broker trade pact with growing markets which can help the financial service sectors by paying dividends. Foreign Investment There are concerns that foreign investments may dry up following BREXIT but foreign nations do not invest only because of UKs membership with EU (Capital Economics, 2016). Foreign investment may see a negligent fall since there are uncertainties but if UK is able to maintain favourable terms with the EU then they could regain foreign direct investments (Jindal, 2016). Impact of BREXIT on the World Economy To the Financial markets the news of UK exiting the European Union came as a shock. The impact of the shock was brisk and unanticipated. Even though the shock may die down but there are huge implications on the macroeconomic and geopolitical aspects of the world. BREXIT is definitely going to impact other weak member nations of European Union who were already feeling the uncertainties and may finally decide to exit too. Along with BREXIT there are assumptions that Scotland may also exit from the Great Britain as a result of the EU and UK divorce. The process of UK exiting EU is the first ever instance and does not have any precedence of the exit therefore a number of details need to be worked out in the next two years following the departure since the Treaty of Lisbon includes a general timetable outlined. How these details are going to impact world economy is still a very big question. Due to BREXIT the value of pounds fell which led to the increase in the market rate of dollar prices. A sharp increase in the US dollar price may put added pressure on USs manufacturing sector. Exports would be affected as a result of increase in dollar prices. Due to uncertainties surrounding EU nations and the UK, capital will flow towards other nations such as USA and Japan. This will invite investments which will lead to an increase in the dollar and yen prices. This is not a very good scenario for both the nations. On one hand they receive a boost in capital but due to a rise in dollar prices, their exports get affected in a large manner. Japan has been facing decades of deflation and have only recently started to reinflate and restore the economic conditions. A decline in exports will highly effect their economys growth. The rise in dollar prices in USA might put pressure on China to decrease their yuan lower in order to maintain a balance in the markets. Otherwise the exports of China as well can be affected. USA remains to be the most stable economy at the moment and this will enable USA to expand more compared to other economic regions. However stability does not mean that USA is immune to negative global pressures. The uncertainty spread between USA and EU has increased which will turn the macro picture in favour of USA versus European Union. (Insights. B. 2016) Let us look at a more positive approach to the BREXIT in the short run: Post the BREXIT news, not much has changed. UK still remains to be a member nation of European Union therefore exports to Eurozone countries will not be affected currently. Furthermore the employees from European Union member countries can continue to work without any restrictions on their passports so far. In real sense the fall in stock market on the day of BREXIT news is not something one should worry over. According to the FTSE 100 index the British stock market was down by 3.2% which was considerably higher than the levels in mid June which shows that investors do not assume that BREXIT will affect corporate profits in the coming months. However the currency markets show the imminence of bigger problems. There has been a 7.6% drop in the pound prices against US dollars. This is 21 times more compared to the 0.35% exchange rate in 2012. In the coming months the economic activity will be more obvious than the financial markets. British firms may make major decisions on whether to invest in capital assets or hire people. People who have a business deal with UK may face uncertainties surrounding the EU and UK relationship. There may be a decline in economic activity since the world is waiting to see the relationship status between EU and UK. This phenomenon is not going to be seen only in UK but also in other countries. In the wake of a low confidence in business activities and global uncertainties, recession is a major threat in the UK, USA and other European countries. Additionally there is very little response from central banks who are the first ones to respond in times of economic calamity. (Irwin.N. 2016) Even though there is a major uncertainty around the globe, UK government has remained hopeful about the economy. David DAvis desires global free trading in order to help exports and the manufacturing sector, as well as invite cheaper imports. He wants speedy trade deals since European Union trading processes according to him took years to formalise. This will enhance better trading relationships with trading partners of United Kingdom There may not be any new regulations from the European Union at the moment. Eventually Davis plans to strategise regulations to help business. Complying with business regulations of EU is momentarily impairing global competitiveness which he hopes will end soon. Davis envisions a growth in the exports of United Kingdom post exit from European Union. Therefore he feels that government must play an active role in increasing exports. Furthermore, Davis does not wish to make any negotiations on the immigration scenario of UK. In order for UK to enjoy the benefits of free market they need to allow free movement of labour into UK however Davis is very particular about UKs stand on immigration and says that UK will not give-in come what may. (Arrends. B. 2016) Conclusion Following BREXIT many economists had predicted a significant impact on UKs economy post the Referendum. It was also believed that consumer confidence may be greatly affected as a result of the uncertainties in the economy however nothing of that sort has happened so far, revealed the Office for National Statistics. Though the service sector figures have not been obtained by ONS, which contributes to almost 75% of the countrys economy, CIPS surveys have shown that consumer spending has not been affected as assumed by few, after the news of BREXIT broke out. In fact there has been a quick rebound in the manufacturing sector as noted by CIPS. A fall in pound has encouraged more tourists resulting in a hike of 7.1% in flight bookings after the vote. Though the value of pound had fallen against dollar price post the vote, by September 22nd it bounced back. Sterling is 0.4% higher against the dollar, It is however the small and medium sized businesses that have been pessimistic about the future. UK has been facing a trade deficit for some time now. The prices of materials and fuel purchased by manufacturing companies have risen to 7.6%. UK businesses are experiencing inflationary pressures. Even though UKs services abroad are higher than the imports, the rate of export of goods still remains lower than the rate of import of goods. A fall in the pound price may now be beneficial for exports as goods will be available at a cheaper price post BREXIT vote. In conclusion, only time can be the best judge about the real implications of BREXIT on United Kingdom or the world at large. The years that follow the actual exit will give us a better view of UK and global economy. The impact of Greece and Britain exit is something we all look forward to. Well, we hope that the economic conditions of UK will be recovered eventually and the country will flourish as expected by the people of UK. References Timothy., L. (2016), BREXIT: what happens when Britain leaves the EU, Retrieved from: https://www.vox.com/2016/6/23/12021222/BREXIT-what-happens-next Brian., W. (2016). BREXIT: All you need to know about the UK leaving the EU, Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-32810887 Carroll., L. (2016). Would Europeans be free to stay in the UK after BREXIT? The Guardian Foster., A. and Batchelor., T. (2016). EU referendum 2016: How has BREXIT affected the pound? Retrieved from: https://www.express.co.uk/finance/city/658338/BREXIT-EU-Exit-How-Affect-Pound-UK-Economy Jindal., A. (2016). BREXIT Impact Rise and Fall of the British Pound Explained. Retrieved from: https://www.financemagnates.com/forex/bloggers/BREXIT-impact-rise-fall-british-pound-explained/ Arrends. B (2016, July 14) Opinion:Britains new BREXIT minister has already made up his mind about the EU. Retrieved from https://www.marketwatch.com/story/britains-new-BREXIT-minister-has-already-made-up-his-mind-about-the-eu-2016-07-13 Wheeler., B. and Hunt., A. (2016). BREXIT: All you need to know about the UK leaving the EU. Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-32810887 Payton., M. (2016). UK will not have access to the EU market if it ends free movement, says Irish Prime Minister. Independent FT Reporters. (2016). BREXIT and Immigration- The vital Questions. FT Capital Economics. (2016). The economic impact of BREXIT. Retrieved from: https://woodfordfunds.com/economic-impact-BREXIT-report/ Rivera., L. (2016). UK House Prices: pace of growth slows but property prices are still rising post-BREXIT. Retrieved from https://www.homesandproperty.co.uk/property-news/buying/uk-house-prices-pace-of-growth-slows-but-property-prices-are-still-rising-postBREXIT-a104506.html Fels., J. (2016). What is BREXIT impact on Global Economy? Retrieved from: https://www.barrons.com/articles/what-is-BREXITs-impact-on-global-economy-1467124800 Bird., M. (2015). Economists can't decide whether leaving the euro would be a disaster or a blessing for Greece. Retrieved from: https://www.businessinsider.in/Economists-cant-decide-whether-leaving-the-euro-would-be-a-disaster-or-a-blessing-for-Greece/articleshow/47709101.cms Insights. B. (2016, June 29) The Potential Impacts Of BREXIT On The Global Economy. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/baininsights/2016/06/29/the-potential-impacts-of-BREXIT-on-the-global-economy/#7bb8f6c420e0.

The bird in the bush Essay Example

The bird in the bush Essay No one knew anything about us. We were the kids that stuck together everywhere, played Poke ©moon on our Somebody in the hallway and wore glasses. What are supposedly characteristics of a geek, but Dusk and I couldnt have cared less. Dusk was the best friend any guy could have. He was tall and lanky and had long, curly hair that cascaded like a waterfall to his shoulders. He wasnt what youd call hot, but he had a good attitude and that was all that mattered. He amused me, was brave and boundless, loyal and caring, everything everyone wants in a friend. It was during year 7 that Dusk and I met, we were the dorky guys that TLD have anyone to talk to, so I decided to say hi. Ive never regretted a moment after it. We lived so far from each other however that didnt stop us from accomplishing the fun things. We had sleepovers frequently which contained watching hours of star wars, reading comics and studying. Our nature adapted accordingly to the weather, drinking a nice cold beverage from Struck by the beach during the sweltering summer days and hitting up trivia night at the local bar on rainy days. We will write a custom essay sample on The bird in the bush specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The bird in the bush specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The bird in the bush specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer No one had ever brought so much Joy to my life. Dusk was the person I spent most of my time with and someone I cherished. One night Dusk called me, a regular occurrence as we had no other way of communicating outside of school. He told me how he had tried out for the basketball team and made it. I had never felt so proud and ecstatic for him. This was Dusks first ever real achievement. The day after Dusk couldnt come home with me as he had basketball training. He told me how they took It so seriously and how he could spend limited hours with me o concentrate on the sport. I stared at the wall ahead of me and a million thoughts rushed into my head. I felt like crying and managed to find the strength to say alright. Secretly, I wasnt. The following days I couldnt bear to look Dusk hang out in the cool group which consisted of Richard and a few other dicks. It wasnt me that I was concerned about, it was him. Days went by, followed by weeks. Instead of having Dusk with me during a movie marathon, I watched it alone and ate tubs of ice cream to put away the misery. He was happy and that made me happy. He was happy without me, and the thought of that left me broken to bits. One day, I heard a voice shout Hey you. It was Richard, I turned around to see if he had yelled at someone else but there was no one behind me. I wondered what he comfortable so I walked up and offered him a hand shake, he stared at it and looked up and glared me in the eyes. I have never seen this side of Dusk and it made me scared. Before I knew it, Dusk had me lying on the floor, helpless and winded. Get off I exclaimed. He stood up and called me a dirty little fagged. As I picked myself up and staggered away not taking notice of the bruise on my leg, I turned back and saw the look on his face. He didnt need to say it but I knew he was apologetic, shamed-faced and melted. Soon after, Dusk was the most popular kid in school. He started dating a girl named Macaulay. She was the most beautiful thing I have ever set my eyes upon and if Im not correct, the most beautiful thing anyone has ever set their eyes upon. Id see them kissing in the corridors on the way to class and in the corner of my eye see him touch ere inappropriately. What happened to my innocent friend, the guy I spent hours with, the guy that I shared so many good memories with, the guy that plastered a smile on my face every time, the guy that didnt even have the confidence to speak to a girl. Dusk had changed, I guess it was my time to change and forget about him. I lost someone I admired and appreciated so much. I had no other friends, without him I didnt have the confidence to do most things. Ultimately I decided to face my previous best friend and talk to him in person about y future and how I had spent the most memorable part of my life with him. I knew something wasnt right as soon as I saw his face. He had a peculiar look, dismal and about to burst into tears. I approached him cautiously and sat next to him on his front porch. He didnt seem to notice my arrival but as soon as I spoke he started to shed tears. He told me how he was sorry and missed me. Further down the conversation he told me about how Macaulay had been cheating on him with Richard. I comforted him and he said something to me I will never forget. Informer like the bird in the bush

How to Find Enumeration District Maps

How to Find Enumeration District Maps An enumeration district (ED) is a geographic area assigned to an individual census taker, or enumerator, usually representing a specific portion of a city or county. The coverage area of a single enumeration district, as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, is the area for which an enumerator could complete a count of the population within the allotted time for that particular census year. The size of an ED can range from a single city block (occasionally even a portion of a block if it is located within a large city packed with high-rise apartment buildings) to an entire county in sparsely populated rural areas. Each enumeration district designated for a particular census was assigned a number. For more recently released censuses, such as 1930 and 1940, each county within a state was assigned a number and then a smaller ED area within the county was assigned a second number, with the two numbers joined with a hyphen. In 1940, John Robert Marsh and his wife, Margaret Mitchell, famous author of Gone With the Wind, were living in a condo at 1 South Prado (1268 Piedmont Ave) in Atlanta, Georgia. Their 1940 Enumeration District (ED) is 160–196, with 160 representing the City of Atlanta, and 196 designating the individual ED within the city designated by the cross streets of S. Prado and Piedmont Ave. What Is an Enumerator? An enumerator, commonly called a census taker, is an individual temporarily employed by the U.S. Census Bureau to collect census information by going house to house in their assigned enumeration district. Enumerators are paid for their work and provided with detailed instructions on how and when to gather the information about each individual living within their assigned enumeration district(s) for a particular census. For the 1940 Census enumeration, each enumerator had either 2 weeks or 30 days to obtain information from each individual within their enumeration district. Using Enumeration Districts for Genealogy Now that US census records are indexed and available online, Enumeration Districts arent as important to genealogists as they once were. They can still be helpful, however, in certain situations. When you cant locate an individual in the index, then browse page-by-page through the records of the ED where you expect your relatives to be living. Enumeration District maps are also helpful for determining the order that an enumerator may have worked his way through his particular district, helping you to visualize the neighborhood and identify neighbors. How to Locate an Enumeration District To identify an individuals enumeration district, we need to know where they were living at the time the census was taken, including the state, city and street name. The street number is also very helpful in larger cities. With this information, the following tools can help to locate the Enumeration District for each census: Stephen P. Morse’s One-Step Tools website includes ED Finder tools for the 1880, 1900, 1910, 1920, 1930, and 1940 U.S. federal censuses.Morse’s One-Step site also offers an ED conversion tool for converting between 1920 and 1930, and 1930 and 1940 Censuses.The National Archives has online ED maps and geographic descriptions for the 1940 census. Descriptions of Census Enumeration Districts 1830–1890 and 1910–1950 can be found on the 156 rolls of NARA microfilm publication T1224. Enumeration District maps for 1900–1940 are available on the 73 rolls of NARA microfilm publication A3378. The Family History Library also has Enumeration District maps and descriptions on FHL microfilm.

Barack Obama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Barack Obama - Essay Example It covers it covers many aspects of his life, starting from his birth in Hawaii to his relocation to Indonesia and back to Hawaii. It carries on with his life at Occidental College in Los Angeles, then at Columbia University in New York and finally at Harvard. It also examines Obama's life as a community organizer in Chicago. It then gives an account of Obama's political life from the days he served as an Illinois State Senator through to his days as a United States Senator and finally his decision to vie for the United States Presidency. The conclusion section highlights the main items of the paper and gives inferences where appropriate. It confirms the thesis of the paper. Barack Hussein Obama, the 44th President of the US, was born on the 4th August 1961. Obama happens to the first ever African American president. Before the presidency, Obama served as a junior Senator in the United States Senate from the state of Illinois between January 2005 and November 2008. He later resigned after he was elected president. Obama graduated from both Harvard and Columbia Universities. While at Harvard Law School, Obama was the Harvard Law Review president, the first ever African American to hold the position. Before he earned his law degree, while in Chicago, Obama served as a community organizer. Between 1992 and 2004, Obama became an attorney of civil rights in Chicago. During the same period, he served as a constitutional law teacher at the University of Chicago's Law School. Obama served in the Illinois Senate for three terms between 1997 and 2004. In 2000, he bid for the House of Representatives seat but was unsuccessful. Later in 2004, Obama successfully ran for a senate seat in the Unites States Senate. Obama's victory amid a crowded field in 2004, together with his keynote speech at a Democratic National Convention made him a rising national figure. Obama's election to the US Senate in 2004 had the biggest margin in the history of Illinois. Obama began his race for the US presidency in February 2007. He won the primaries against Hillary Clinton in 2008 and won the party's nomination to become the first ever African American presidential candidate of a major party. Obama went ahead to beat the Republican Party flag bearer John McCain in the 2008 elections. His inauguration as president was held on the 20th January 2009. Background Barack Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, in the United States to Barack Obama Senior and Stanley Ann Dunham. Dunham was an English decent American from Wichita in Kansas. Barack Obama Senior was a Luo who came from Nyang'oma Kogelo village in Nyanza Province of Kenya. Obama Senior and Dunham first met at the University of Hawaii in Manoa during a Russian language class. Obama Senior, a foreign student, attended the university on scholarship. They married in February 1961, with Barack being born later the same year. Barack Obama's birth was announced in the Honolulu Star Bulletin and The Honolulu Advertiser. At the age of two years, Barack's parents separated and later divorced in 1964. Obama Senior returned to his home country, Kenya and only saw his son once before he met his death in a road accident in 1982. Dunham joined the University of Washington while living at Seattle in Capitol Hill with her son as a single mother (Ripley, 2008). She left Seattle together with her son in the 1962's summer and rejoined the University of Hawaii. After Dunham's separation with Obama Senior, she

The Co-Ordination of the Human Body by the Endocrine and Nervous Research Paper

The Co-Ordination of the Human Body by the Endocrine and Nervous System - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the central nervous system (CNS) is the largest part of the nervous system and includes the brain and spinal cord. The spinal cavity holds and protects the spinal cord, while the head contains and protects the brain. The CNS is covered by the meninges, a three-layered protective coat. The brain is also protected by the skull, and the spinal cord is also protected by the vertebrae.  The bodies of the nerve cells lie in the CNS, either in the brain or the spinal cord, and the length of the cellular processes of these cells, known as axons, extend through the limbs and the flesh of the torso. The large majority of the axons which are commonly called nerves are considered to be PNS. The cell bodies of afferent PNS nerves lie in the dorsal root ganglia.  Autonomic nervous system (ANS) controls smooth and cardiac muscles and organs of the digestive, circulatory, excretion and endocrine systems (involuntary actions). ANS consists of two set s of neurons with opposing effects on most body organs. The Endocrine System in humans (overview): The endocrine system is the internal system of the body that deals with chemical communication by means of hormones, the ductless glands that secrete the hormones, and those target cells that respond to hormones. The endocrine system is instrumental in regulating metabolism, growth, development, and puberty, and tissue function and also plays a part in determining mood. The endocrine system functions in long term behavior and works in conjunction with the nervous system in regulating internal functions and maintaining homeostasis.  Hormones regulate bodily functions and are specific in their responses. They can only initiate responses in target cells, which are specifically equipped to respond. Each hormone is recognized by those target cells with receptors compatible with their structure. A hormone receptor is a protein within the target cell or built into the plasma membrane. Once a hormone is released, the first step is the specific binding of the chemical signal to a hormone receptor. The receptor molecule enables the target cell to respond to the hormones chemical signal. These responses vary according to the target cell and lipid solubility.  The control of hormones can be done by 3 methods:  1. Many hormones are controlled by some form of a negative feedback mechanism. In this type of system, a gland is sensitive to the concentration of a substance that it regulates. 2. Some endocrine glands secrete hormones in response to other hormones. 3. A third method is by direct nerve stimulation.